How is a user's location commonly tracked in location-based authentication systems?

In location-based authentication systems, a user's location is commonly tracked using GPS (Global Positioning System) or IPS (Indoor Positioning System) technology. GPS is widely utilized for outdoor location tracking due to its global coverage and ability to provide precise location information by using satellite signals. IPS, on the other hand, is designed for more accurate location tracking indoors where GPS signals may be weak or unavailable, using technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or RFID.

This method of tracking is foundational for ensuring that a user is accessing systems from a legitimate location as per the authentication requirements. For example, if a user logs in from a location that deviates significantly from their norm (as established in previous logins or via their profile), the system can flag this as suspicious and behavior requiring additional verification steps, thus enhancing security.

Other options, while they may incorporate elements of tracking or authentication, do not primarily focus on real-time location tracking in the same way GPS or IPS specifically do.