What aspect of database design is primarily focused on performance and scalability?

The primary focus on performance and scalability in database design is found in the aspect referred to as architecture design. This involves how the database is structured and organized to optimize data access and processing efficiency under various loads. An effective architecture takes into account the anticipated growth of data and user demands, ensuring that the system can handle increased traffic and larger datasets without experiencing performance bottlenecks.

In architecture design, considerations might include the choice of database management systems (DBMS), the physical layout of databases, indexing strategies, and distributed database setups. These factors collectively enhance the database's performance, allowing it to scale effectively as the requirements of the application evolve.

Normalization, while essential for minimizing redundancy and ensuring data integrity, does not inherently address performance and scalability directly. Data integrity focuses on maintaining accuracy and consistency within the database, which is critical but distinct from performance concerns. Data types definition pertains to specifying what kind of data can be stored in each field, impacting storage efficiency and potentially performance, but it does not encompass the broader aspect of how the entire database performs under varying conditions.