What does an access control list (ACL) specifically control?

An access control list (ACL) is a crucial component in the realm of computer security, specifically designed to manage and define user permissions regarding files and folders. ACLs specify which users or system processes are granted or denied access to particular resources, such as files, directories, or other system objects. This granularity allows organizations to enforce security policies by controlling who can read, write, or execute specific files, thus protecting sensitive information and ensuring that only authorized users can access or modify it.

In this context, ACLs are vital for maintaining data integrity and confidentiality by preventing unauthorized access. They can be tailored to individual users or groups, enabling precise control over permissions and contributing significantly to the overall security framework of a system or network. Other choices, while related to security or resource management, do not specifically pertain to the function and purpose of an ACL.