What is asymmetric encryption based on?

Asymmetric encryption is fundamentally based on the utilization of two distinct keys: a public key and a private key. This method allows for secure communication and data protection by enabling one key to encrypt data while the other key is used for decryption. The public key can be shared openly, allowing anyone to encrypt messages intended for the key holder, while the corresponding private key remains confidential, ensuring that only the intended recipient can decrypt those messages. This two-key system is what differentiates asymmetric encryption from symmetric encryption, which relies on a single key for both processes.

The other options present alternative concepts that do not apply to asymmetric encryption: using a single key highlights symmetric encryption; public key requirements alone do not encompass the necessity of a private key; and mentioning hardware does not accurately describe the foundational principles of asymmetric encryption.