What is multifactor authentication?

Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a security mechanism that requires users to provide two or more different forms of verification to gain access to a system, application, or account. This process strengthens security by adding additional layers of defense beyond just a single password. The various forms of verification usually fall into three categories: something you know (like a password), something you have (like a smartphone or hardware token), and something you are (like a fingerprint or facial recognition).

By requiring multiple forms of verification, MFA significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access, as an attacker would need to compromise multiple pieces of information to gain entry. This makes it a crucial security practice in safeguarding sensitive data and accounts in today's digital environment.

In contrast, a single verification method, tracking user location, or a simple password system all represent less secure approaches that do not provide the enhanced protection that multifactor authentication offers.