What is referred to as system memory in a computer?

System memory in a computer primarily refers to the primary volatile memory used for executing software, which is commonly known as RAM (Random Access Memory). RAM is where the operating system, applications, and data currently in use are stored so that they can be quickly retrieved by the CPU. This type of memory is critical for the performance of a computer, as it allows multiple processes to run simultaneously and provides fast access to the data needed for those processes.

In contrast, hard disk storage refers to non-volatile memory that retains data even when the computer is powered off, making it unsuitable for referencing system memory. Non-volatile memory typically includes storage options like SSDs and HDDs, which are used for long-term data storage rather than for executing programs. While components of the CPU may interact closely with memory, they do not constitute the system memory itself; instead, they process the instructions and data held in system memory. Thus, the definition of system memory aligns specifically with the function and characteristics of RAM in a computing environment.