What is the term for observing someone enter their security code at a keypad?

The term for observing someone enter their security code at a keypad is shoulder surfing. This practice involves directly watching someone from a close distance to obtain sensitive information like passwords, PINs, or other secret codes without the person’s knowledge. It is often done in public spaces where people use keypads, such as ATMs, entry systems, or even on their computers in settings like coffee shops.

Shoulder surfing is a significant security threat because it doesn't require any technical tools or software—only the physical presence of an observer. However, it can be mitigated by being conscious of one's surroundings and covering the keypad while entering a code or by using privacy shields on devices.