Which process allows a new computer to be configured over the network without a pre-installed OS?

The Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) is the process that enables a new computer to be configured over the network without the need for a pre-installed operating system. PXE works by allowing the computer to boot from the network interface card (NIC) instead of a local hard drive. When a PXE-enabled device powers on, it sends out a broadcast requesting a server's IP address. The PXE server responds and delivers the boot image, which typically includes the necessary files to install an operating system.

This method is particularly useful for organizations that need to deploy operating systems to multiple machines simultaneously, as it simplifies the setup process and reduces the need for physical media like USB drives or CDs. It also enhances management capabilities in large networks by streamlining the deployment and configuration process for new systems.

In contrast, local area network setup refers to networking components and devices, operating system installation from USB involves manual procedures with physical media, and virtual machine deployment focuses on creating virtual instances, all of which are different from what PXE enables.