Which programming language is commonly used for client-side scripting?

JavaScript is commonly used for client-side scripting because it is designed to be executed in the web browser, allowing developers to create interactive and dynamic web pages. When a webpage is loaded, JavaScript can manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM) to change the content, structure, and style of the webpage in real-time without needing to reload the page. This capability makes JavaScript essential for enhancing user experiences on the web.

Python, while a powerful programming language, is primarily used for server-side scripting, data analysis, and back-end development. HTML is a markup language, not a programming language, and is used for structuring content on the web rather than executing scripts. Java, although capable of client-side development (especially with applets in the past), is typically more associated with server-side applications and is less common for client-side tasks compared to JavaScript. Thus, JavaScript's unique ability to interact directly with the browser makes it the de facto standard for client-side scripting.